The Body-Mind Continuum

51aP+TyA3hL._SX331_BO1,204,203,200_There are two books on my mind as of late: “The Network of Thought” by Krishnamurti, and ‘The Body Bears the Burden” by Robert Scaer, M.D..

Krishnamurti was the consummate jnana yogi whose engaging dialogues with his students/audience are well documented in many of his books. The basic premise of ‘The Network of Thought” is that ‘thought’ or thinking is like the limited programming of a computer, and throughout history, humans have been programmed to create a self sense through thought. I am a Hindu, I am a Buddhist, I am an atheist, I am a liberal … whatever flavor the culture of your time and place may provide, an identity is created and sustained.

41bC4aLF5rL._SX373_BO1,204,203,200_If we look more deeply, as Krishnamurti would advise, we can see that thought creates all of what passes for ‘reality’ in our experience. Words, the language of thought, are abstractions that are highly limited at best. When reality ‘rooted in abstraction’ is mistaken for the ‘Ultimate Mystery’ of Reality, fear, anxiety and conflict inevitably arise, within oneself, and within the larger communities we find ourselves. “I am inadequate/flawed/unworthy/fill in your favorite inner commentary” always sit in the background, conscious or non-conscious, driving the bus of our lives.

From the perspective of the skandhas, words and abstraction are the foundations of skandha number 2. Here, when the small self glimpses the infinite and the recognizes that it too is impermanent, it spins a web of delusion known as likes and dislikes, or raga and dvesa as they are called in the Yoga Sutras. Life then becomes an endless pursuit to escape difficulty and acquire pleasure. On the surface, avoiding unpleasantness and finding pleasure make all kinds of sense. The problem is that if this is the whole story of your life, then there is no escape from the deep sense of unease that stems from the reduction of your infinite potential to an endless series of abstractions. To open to Ultimate Mystery, to open to an infinite ocean of creativity, love and wisdom, you have to change your fundamental orientation to impermanence.

The Zen Poem, Hsin Hsin Ming, (read the whole poem here), attributed to the Chinese Zen Master Seng T’san and written somewhere in the 6th – 8th centuries CE, is an exquisite unfolding of this insight. This translation of the first few verses is from Elliott Teters, and I prefer this one because many translators use ‘love and hate’ in line two instead of longing and desire. From my perspective, love is a word pointing to non-dual wholeness and completeness and is not the opposite of hatred or aversion. Longing or grasping capture the essence more accurately.

The Great Way is not difficult for those who have no preferences.
Let go of longing and aversion and it reveals itself.
Make the smallest distinction, however and you are as far from it as heaven is from earth.
If you want to realize the truth then hold no opinions for or against anything.
Like and dislike is the disease of the mind.
When the deep meaning (of the Way) is not understood
the intrinsic peace of mind is disturbed.

As vast as infinite space it is perfect and lacks nothing.
Indeed, it is due to your grasping and repelling
That you do not see things as they are.
Do not get entangled in things;
Do not get lost in emptiness.
Be still in the oneness of things and dualism vanishes by itself.

The Great Way, Ultimate Mystery, or Truth, is uncapturable in words, imagery, ideas or beliefs, but can be seen directly in the silence of meditation when thought, temporarily, pauses. Pause – Relax – Open – Allow.

The last few verses from Seng T’san:

Emptiness here, Emptiness there, but the infinite universe stands always before your eyes.
Infinitely large and infinitely small;
no difference, for definitions have vanished and no boundaries are seen.

So too with Being and Non-Being.

Don’t waste time with doubts and arguments that have nothing to do with this.
One thing, all things: move among and intermingle, without distinction.
To live in this realization is to be without anxiety about non-perfection.
To live in this faith is the road to non-duality, because the non-dual is one with trusting mind.

Words! Words!
The Way is beyond language,
for in it there is no yesterday, no tomorrow, no today.

“The Body Bears the Burden” is about trauma and its effects on psychology, physiology and brain function. As a neurologist, Robert Scaer ties together the research done by trauma pioneers like Peter Levine and Bessel Van de Kolk and others with his own clinical experience to unfold the hidden side of trauma in all of its many manifestations. And there is always a ‘story’ entangled in the trauma, usually one filled with self-recrimination and shame, as well as fear. Words entangled in the trauma!

What is fascinating to me is that my own personal experience with PTSD, triggered by the Thomas Fire which surrounded Ojai last December, is being re-triggered by my various encounters with the medical world, and this began before the cancer diagnosis. I had a challenging childbirth, in a hospital, with some medical intervention to the natural process, so it is not surprising that I have some issues to work through here. When my PTSD is activated, the physiological ‘freeze’ response, where the accelerator and brake of my autonomic nervous system are being activated simultaneously, is also accompanied by a ‘network of thought’ layered with meaning making interpretations.

Fear, anxiety and shame are my three big ones and they are entangled in this body/mind web of physiology and thought. So I have to dis-entangle the physiological energy trapped in a holding pattern from the story attached to it for true healing to take place. This is not pleasant or easy and my first response is always ‘take this away .. get me out of here’. This only makes it worse.

One of the challenges of a somatic meditation practice is that the body stores trauma, large and small, as as you move into more and more openness, you are liable to uncover some un-resolved or blocked energy. When the story is activated, it tends to re-stimulate the trauma, creating a self-perpetuating feed back loop. Often the response oscillates between hyper arousal/fear and dissociation, dissociation being the ‘escape’.

In ‘Somatic Experiencing’, the trauma resolution therapies based on Peter Levine’s study of mammals in the wild, healing requires the building of somatic resources that can contain, process and integrate the bound energy without the activation of the self-perpetuating loop. Titrating, or taking one or two drops of trauma energy at a time to resolve, while sustaining an energetically stable and flexible state (sthira and sukham) is done with the help of a trained SE practitioner who helps hold the fluid/stable space.

Meditation practice allows one to be both the therapist and the client, as the spaciousness is a primary resource. It begins as a ‘witnessing’ of what is arising, which is all well and good if random thoughts are all that arise. But when you open to a traumatic energy pattern, your sthira and sukham are seriously challenged. Gravity and coming into the felt sense of weight in the body is another resource, the yin to the spacious yang. Does the energy want to descend into the earth and discharge there? Are your bones alive and vital? Mother Earth’s energy field can handle our physiological energy easily if we can learn to drop into her.  Does the energy want to expand up and out, into the sky, the heavens, the sun, moon, stars and planets? All can offer healing to us. The Qi wants to move, in harmony with heaven and earth. We are heaven and earth.

At some point, heaven and earth, yin and yang, weight and lightness dissolve into wholeness, not two-ness. And then the terrifying abyss of impermanence also dissolves, for the time being. Until the next trauma is triggered. We all need trigger warnings! The abyss of impermanence is terrifying. Only the strategy is not to avoid facing it, but to see it is ultimately based on being afraid of our own mental creations, our own abstractions.

The body bears the burden of our confusion by locking down energy, but it also offers a way to freedom. The body is an expression of Divine wholeness, even as it flows through and as continuous impermanence. It thrives on impermanence, which allows the organismic intelligence to grow and relate and evolve. Falling down is OK. Being lost and confused is OK. The depths of love, wisdom and creativity are always present, in all situations. We just have to remember. Being without anxiety about imperfection! Impermanence as a path to healing. Wow. How delightful. What a great story! How challenging!

One thing, all things: move among and intermingle, without distinction.
To live in this realization is to be without anxiety about non-perfection.
To live in this faith is the road to non-duality, because the non-dual is one with trusting mind.

Love, Death and the Skandhas: part 3

The Four Flavors of Love

Some of the greatest advances in modern neuroscience include the expansion of our understanding of the origins and mechanisms of trauma and other modes of emotional disregulation, and the pathways toward healing these wounds. Books by Dan Siegel, Daniel Goleman, Rick Hanson, Allan Schore and others have presented these new insights in a variety ways. * (see below) But, amazingly enough, some of the most profound healing practices for this realm date back to the early Vedic times, 2500 years or so ago. Known as the Brahma Viharas or the four abodes of Brahma, these practices are expressions of the most divine of the emotions, love.

As mentioned in the previous post, practicing the Brahma Viharas is a crucial aspect of preparing the mind and emotions for dealing with death, illness and other challenges and awakening to the depths of love that abide in our natural state. Buddha made these a key aspect of his teaching and the modern Theravadin Buddhists, as exemplified by Western Buddhist teachers Sharon Salzberg, Jack Kornfeld and others have done an amazing job of bringing these practices to the 21st century.

For the yoga students, the ‘abodes of Brahma’, or ‘frolics in God’, as my first Sutras teacher called them, appear in the Samadhi Pada as sutra I-33. They are a direct antidote to the terror of the first skandha and thus are essential for cultivating a strong and open heart. Patanjali doesn’t offer details of ‘how’ to practice the Braahma viharas, so we will introduce those later. The following paragraphs are taken from my Sutras translation and study guide found elsewhere on this site.

I-33  Maitri karuna mudita upekshanam sukha dukha punya apunya vishayanam bhavanatash citta prasadanam.
(The mind becomes purified by) friendliness, compassion, joy, and indifference (equanimity) (respectively) towards those who are successful, suffering, virtuous and unvirtuous.

“Patanjali continues the discussion of eliminating the distractions to samadhi consciousness by addressing the emotions. Because the emotions are so crucial to bringing stability to the mind, this is one of the most important sutras. This sutra also is recapitulated in sutra II-33 where pratipaksha bhavanam, cultivating the opposite mind state, is reintroduced as a means to overcoming negative emotions. These are practices of the heart and are very important in the Buddhist teachings as well.

Friendliness, or loving kindness as it is commonly called in the Buddhist world, is the easiest and most natural positive emotion to cultivate. We all know what it is like to have a friend, to feel the love, warmth and openness that comes when we are with a friend. But also, it is not uncommon to feel envious or jealous over other people’s success or good luck. Practicing maitri (metta or loving kindness) by remembering and recreating these feelings of love, when feeling jealous or disappointed, helps to keep the mind calm and the heart open. And practicing simple kindness in general, like eating good food, nourishes and strengthens the heart. Buddhist teacher Sharon Salzberg has been instrumental in promoting ‘metta practice’, metta being the Pali term for maitri, Pali being the language of the Buddha.

Compassion, karuna, goes right to the heart. When we see others suffering we may either turn away to avoid the depths of feeling, or perhaps take some cruel delight if it happens to be an enemy that is suffering. Choosing to remain compassionate (karuna) in the face of suffering keeps us in our hearts and grounded in being. Being compassionate towards ourselves is also an important and challenging practice. Literally meaning ‘to feel with’, compassion is a profound experience of love and support to another being.

Appreciative Joy: Joy is all around us. From the simple joy of children at play, of lovers in a gentle embrace, to the blooming of flowers and the delight of pets with their owners, life at its core exudes joy. But we do not always feel joyous ourselves so we need to build up a ‘bank account’ of joy. Others may make us feel inadequate, less than worthy, insecure in our selves, if we are prone to engage in comparison. Remembering the joy or delight (mudita) we have felt form others allows us to touch our own joy,  and thus strengthen our own joyful, open-hearted self sense. Seeing joy in someone we dislike can also set up feeling of anger and resentment. At a deeper level, life at its essence is joyful. Can we feel appreciative joy at the song of a bird, a flower in bloom, of the night sky?

Equanimity: Seeing suffering and injustice can easily evoke anger and fear. The Sanskrit word upeksha literally means indifference. Here, indifference to suffering and injustice does not mean inactivity or apathy, (See Bhagavad Gita) but a state of non reactivity so that anger and fear do not disturb the mind field with a torrent of negative emotional energy. The Buddhists translate upeksha (upekka in Pali) as equanimity and I like this word much better than indifference. Again the point is to be present to suffering and injustice without falling into emotional turmoil. Then appropriate action (dharma) can be taken with a clear mind and open heart. One of the important lessons from the workshop around care-giving was to watch for ‘pathological altruism’, where our responses to someones suffering are attempts to avoid our own inner suffering and distress that are being evoked. The practice of upeksha can help with this.

Equanimity is the anchor of the four Brahma Viharas as it acknowledges reality. There is suffering. There is injustice. As much as I would love for it all to go away, life is what it is. And this is difficult to accept. Equanimity is the ultimate emotional stabilizer.

The Four Flavors of Love

Frank Ostaseski referred to the Brahma Viharas as the ‘Four Flavors of Love’, and both he and Joan Halifax pointed to Sharon Salzberg as the one who impelled them to start working with their own metta practice, which involves repeating specific phrases over and over. The metta phrases are relational, heart centered, and very effective if practiced with sincerity and diligence. Metta practice plants seeds of health and well being into the mind field and opens and strengthens the heart. It is the foundation for working with the other Brahma Viharas.

The traditional phrases have five targets, beginning with yourself. Most of us have a much easier time sending love to others than to ourselves. This is not an egoic action, but one that flows from ultimate mystery. Over time you add: a benefactor or close friend: a neutral person: someone you really dislike: and finally all beings. For the practice to work, it has to be heart-felt, not superficial or dismissive. “Sure, I’ll send love to Donald Trump” (not!) Which is why we keep it simple and easy in the beginning. The most commonly seen phrases are as follows:

  • May I be happy.
  • May I be at peace
  • May I live with ease.
  • May I be free from suffering.
  • May you be happy.
  • May you be at peace
  • May you live with ease.
  • May you be free from suffering, etc

There are many ways to modify and adapt these so that they are personally meaningful to you. In the Love and Death workshop, we began in a way that was very helpful to me, as the verses Frank taught us were:

May I (we) be safe and free from danger.
May I (we) find happiness.
May I (we) be filled with loving kindness.
May I (we) find ease in our lives.

The root of all painful emotions is fear, so right away we set the intention to be safe, to know we are safe, and to keep reminding ourselves again and again, until we really feel safe. This was the practice I used to help me get to sleep when my PTSD was acting up after the fire last winter. May I be safe! I still use this everyday, sometimes when I am clear, sometimes when I am struggling with my inner confusion and fear. This helps reconnect with our ‘basic goodness’ so we can root ourselves here. You can practice as part of your sitting practice, or anytime in the day when you can pause, relax and go through the phrases several times.

There are similar phrases that can be recited to cultivate  karuna, mudita and upeksha.

Karuna:
May you be free of your pain and sorrow.
May you find peace.

Mudita:
May your happiness and good fortune not leave you.
May your good fortune continue.
May your happiness not diminish

Upeksha:
All beings are the owners of their karma; their happiness and unhappiness depends upon their actions, not on my wishes for them.
I care about you, and I’m not in control of the unfolding of events. I can’t make it all better for you.
Things are the way that they are.

An excellent and well detailed resource on working with the Brahma Viharas can be found here: https://dharmanet.org/coursesM/16/bv0.htm.

Books:

Dan Siegel: “The Developing Mind”, “The Mindful Brain”, “Mindsight, “The Mindful Therapist”, “Aware”

Daniel Goleman: “Emotional Intelligence”, “Social Intelligence”

Rick Hanson: Buddha’s Brain” (with Richard Mendius), “Just One Thing”

Allan Shore: Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self” (very technical, for nerds only, but I discovered some major insights on my shame and panic attacks in this book.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Love, Death and the Skandhas: pt 1

Kate and I were recent participants in an amazing 4 day workshop at Joan Halifax’s Upaya Zen Center in Santa Fe. Entitled “Love and Death: Opening the Great Gifts.” Roshi Joan, a force of Nature, has spent many years working with death and the dying process and her co-teacher, Frank Ostaseski, founder of the Zen Hospice Program out of the San41i9Cq-UrML._SX336_BO1,204,203,200_ Francisco Zen Center at the beginning of the AIDS crisis in the 1980’s, is one of the world’s leading experts on compassionate hospice care.

Frank’s recent book, “The Five Invitations” is a must read for anyone inhabiting a human body, as it presents his Buddhist/human approach to being with the dying with real life stories and his own personal experiences and challenges in diving into all the realms of human existence. The basic message is that our essential humanity, what the Buddhists call our basic goodness or Bodhicitta, and what Patanjali refers to as ‘drashtuh svarupe‘ is ever present beneath the roles and masks we present to the world and our selves and is the ultimate ground to meet all that arises with love, wisdom and compassion. But in order to discover this, we must be willing to open to all of the pain and suffering, in ourselves and the world around us, we repress and ignore out of fear.

From the perspective of the skandhas, this fear arises as the first of the skandhas, when we meet the mortality of the body and our egoic structures freak out. This leads to the second skandha we begin to strategize ways of avoiding acknowledging our own impermanence. First we divide our world into like-dislikelikes and dislikes, or as Patanjali describes them in sutra II-7 and II-8, raga and dvesa, attachments and aversions, two of the five kleshas or afflictions we humans are subject to.  In the third skandha, we respond impulsively to our likes and dislikes and busy ourselves in satisfying their demands. Of course, relief from our inner terror is impossible when we refuse to be present to it, and our suffering will continue, as long as we refuse to face our impermanence with an open heart.

To address our innate impermanence directly, and leave us with a lasting meaningful impression, Frank led a closing ritual on the last day, where the group was divided into three inner and outer circles. The inner circle sat on chairs facing out, and the outer circles sat on chairs facing inward, so you were always in a one on one situation with another person. We were all given a sheet of paper listing 5 affirmations from an old Theravadan Buddhist scripture based on Buddha’s oral teaching and translated by Thich Nhat Hahn, I believe. They read as follows:

I am of the nature of old age. There is no escape from growing old

I am of the nature of ill health. There is no escape from ill health.

I am of the nature to die. There is no escape from death.

All of those I love, and all I hold dear, are subject to change.
There is no escape from being separated from them.

My actions are my only true possessions.
There is no escape from the results of my actions.
My actions are the ground upon which I stand.

Persons on the inner circle, speaking slowly and from the heart, offered these verses as reminders to their partner on the outer circle. Then the person on the outer circle offered them back, heart to heart. This completed one cycle, with everyone both offering and receiving some deep truths about our own impermanence. After this, the outer circle rotated one station to the right and the process began again. When ‘in tune’, the verses were read simultaneously by all in the inner circles, and then all of the outer circles. So you had to be aware of not only your partner, but the whole group as well. By the end, there were 11 or 12 exchanges with different people, pointing to and holding the space of impermanence with an open and compassionate heart. Each exchange was unique, as we all embodied  the process differently. It lasted a good half hour and left us all blown open. This was after all the preparatory work done in the previous days.

This was all good timing for me, as the day after I arrived back in Ojai, I received the results of my prostate biopsy and found out my cancer is the aggressive type and requires immediate attention. I am currently in the process or sorting out just what that means. When I first heard about the cancer back in July, there were still a lot of unknowns, as there are many types of prostate cancer, most being slow growing and manageable, and I had no idea which was mine. It was very disconcerting, but I was holding out for a ‘good’ prognosis. But when I saw a radiologist two weeks ago, as I was prepping for the biopsy, and he said “I wish I had seen you two years ago”, the abyss of impermanence opened up.

At least I was ‘somewhat‘ ready for it!  All part of the human experience. I’ve always thought that the spiritual/cosmic side of life was much easier than the human side. The human condition is very messy. So I guess this is my graduate course in being human, and it involves transforming the energy of the skandhas, out of reactivity and impulsivity, and into, as Roshi Joan would say, an embodied presence with a ‘strong back, soft front’. The yogis would say ‘sthira sukham asanam‘. ‘Strong back, soft front’ is also very Taoist, paralleling the yang strength and the yin receptivity.

Roshi Joan contrasted this with the current dilemma in Japan where ‘maintaining face’ is so strongly imprinted in the culture that most everyone puts up a strong front, leaving a soft back unable to support challenging emotions. There is an epidemic of suicide in the young generation in Japan and the traditional monks are at a bit of a loss dealing with this. Roshi Joan was just in Japan presenting the emotionally challenging metaphor of ‘strong back, soft front’ at her home Soto Temple. She is the first woman honored to ever address all these male zen monks. The ‘yin’ softening front body, allowing our emotions and feelings to be known, is very much a feminine virtue that all cultures desperately need to embody.

Grief, sadness, greed, jealousy, anger and many more of our emotional experiences need to be fully embodied and integrated into our moment to moment unfolding to keep us from falling back into the delusional pursuit of the likes and dislikes. The impulse to avoid our ‘dark side’ and stay in delusion, skandha three, is powerful, so we become masters at being distracted. There is no cultural impetus to be with difficulty, so the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain become a powerful field shaping our moment to moment behavior. But the secrets of inner peace and true happiness are only uncovered when we face the messiness of life with wisdom and compassion.

The primary practices Frank and Joan taught us during the four days, to help us work with our emotions and cultivate an open heart, were meditation and reciting and embodying the Brahma Viharas, (sutra I-33 for the yogis, metta for the Buddhists). We’ll return to the Brahma Viharas in part II of this blog post.

Mediation practice in a zendo is usually silent, but we had several occasions where Frank would lead guided meditations during zazen sessions, and one I found very helpful. It involves four simple instructions that circulate in and around each other: pause, relax, open and allow.

Pause: Every breath has two pauses; at the end of the in-breath, and at the end of the out-breath. In Itzak Bentov’s brilliant book, “Stalking the Wild Pendulum”, (one of my all time favorites,) the pauses, when the pendulum naturally comes to rest as it is about to change directions, are portals to the infinite to drashtuh svarupe. These pauses are also explored in depth51Ewa4qnlpL._SX313_BO1,204,203,200_ during the kumbhakas in pranayama practice. Frank offered an example in real life of this process. Before he would enter a room with a hospice patient, he would check to see on what side of the door the hinges were. If on the left, he would enter to room left foot first, and vice versa. As he explained, rather than being an expression of OCD, he wanted to make sure he always paused and found a moment of stillness before he entetred, so he wouldn’t walk in with preconceived notions of what he was about to see, what to do or how to present himself. He wanted to lead with his humanity, so he paused before acting.

The pause is the immediate antidote to impulsivity. The impulses are mostly unconscious and deeply habituated, so the pause momentarily stops that. In my meditation, I call call the pauses ‘getting off the train (of thought)’. The distraction of our own thought patterns can be disrupted if we continually remind ourselves to pause, get off the train and wait. As every breath has a pause, we always get to begin again. Beginner’s mind in every pause.

Relax: Amidst the pause we can add ‘relax’. We may be momentarily ‘off the train’, but there may still be an underlying need to ‘make something happen’. I should be doing this pose, doing this meditation practice, so I get it right. In sutra II-47, Patanjali describes the next step after settling into ‘sthira and sukham as ‘stop ‘trying’ and just be.’

II-47 pra-yatna shaithilyaananta sam-aa-pattibhyaam
With the release of effort and absorption in the limitless (posture is mastered).

Relax. Posture/presence is a state of being, not doing. We need to remind ourselves again and again to just relax. I can be a bit compulsive about needing to ‘fix’ or ‘improve’ my sitting posture, so this is a challenging instruction for me. If something needs attention, take care of it, but don’t obsess over the details. Relax does not mean collapse, but to find what is called in Taoism, wu wei, effortless effort. Ananta in sutra II-47 is the Tao. Relax and let the Tao hold and nurture you. Be aligned with the flow of life and Trust it. This trust is described in sutra I-20 as shraddha, one of the five ‘yoga vitamins’

Open: From the release of efforting, we may feel places that are still holding on, resisting the flow of qi/prana/aliveness through our bodies. The instruction ‘open’ is an invitation to find some space in and around the holding, around the fear, to open to the deeper aspects of the breath waiting to emerge. We may feel this as an expansion out of structure into energy, or out of energy flow into the expansive energy fields. Or it may be just holding the fear in an open heart.

Allow: When some are of the body is holding on, there is usually some pain or suffering associated with it. ‘Allow’ gives permission for the pain or difficulty to be felt honestly, with an open heart. I like the word allow much better than surrender. Surrender, a term often used in this context, can feel like ‘giving up’, whereas allow seems to me to be non-judgmentally open. Frank mentioned the same thing.

Isvara Pranidhana , first mentioned in sutra I-23 from the Yoga Sutras, invites us to allow our own innate Divinity to merge with Divinity as wholeness, in any and all life situations. It is actually never separate. We just believe that it is. Namaste. Our divine wholeness is ever-present, effortlessly. Nothing to do, but feel, open to the breathing, open to Mother Earth, open to the cosmic heart. Find the strength to be present to whatever arises.

I find myself going back and forth with whether to begin with Pause or Relax. They seem to work together. As they become established, Open and Allow can come forth and deepen the practice, until you get distracted and then another pause is needed. Find any way to use these invitations to help your meditation practice and then put them to use in your day to day life. Pause, Relax, Open, Allow